Animal Experiments

                             Animal Experiments

Summary
　Animal experiments is done in order to research safety, efficacy and the risk of operation of all substances.
Necessity
　Animal testings is mainly for development of medicine, is partly for contributing to the public health, is the things experimenters need to make implementation. The necessity of it is shown clearly in the theoretical principle of medical research involving human subjects, that is Declaration of Helsinki.This declaration claims that we have to reflect on the era of unethical human experiments had been conducted, and have to get enough scientific knowledge before conducting human experiments.
Ethic
   Animal experiments is criticized that it is unethical. It often harms animal happiness, in other word Quality Of Life（QOF）, Activities of Daily Living（ADL） and Standard Of Living（SOL）. This is why animal experiments is criticized. Also, using target drug or doing poison of diet, administration, exposure and so on with predicting that it harms the happiness of animals, is abuse in a broad sense.In addition, "The happiness of animals" or "The right of animals" described in this statement is one way of thinking and there is discussion on treating animals equally.And there is criticism from scientific side that claim that there is possibility in animal experiments to drive the wrong conclusion about the human health because there is majestic species differences between humans and animals.（for example, the difference of reaction to HIV virus.）
Experimental Animals
  Experimental animals are often mammal because it is thought that we can get better date the time when animal is closer to the human. Monkeys, dogs and miniature pigs are used as large animals, and rats, guinea pigs and rabbits as small animals. In the past of Japan, pet dogs and cats, that had been brought to the health center or captured, were used. But recently, it became common sense to use animals that are bred for experiments from the beginning.
3R
  3R is the idea for the reference of animal experiments and it means "Replacement", "Reduction" and "Refinement." It was proposed by Rassell and Bruch British researchers in 1959.
・Replacement:Low of animal species unconscious with no sense, An alternative to in vitro experiments, Elimination of duplicate experiments.
・Reduction: Reduction of the number of animals used, scientifically minimum number of animals used necessary.
・Refinement: Pain relief, Euthanasia measure, Improvement of breeding environment, etc.
Direction of animal experiments
   In recent years, from animal welfare and theoretical problem in many parts of the world, The behavior of organization against animal experiments has been activated. In the EU, as well as the activation of movement against animal experiments tend to ban animal experiments and sales of products done animal experiments.
 ・Test-Banー Since March 2009, the animal experiments in cosmetics raw materials has been banned in the EU. Since 2013, animal experiments of pharmacokinetic, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity in safety testing of cosmetics in the exception area has been banned.
  ・Sale-BanーSince March 2013, regardless of whether an alternative method has been established, selling cosmetics and materials done animal experiments has been banned.


Favor the Opposite
  As mentioned above, the opinions that agree with animal experiments are few. Most of the opinion about animal experiments is the opposite opinion. There are many organizations against animal experiments. JAVA stands for JAPAN ANTI-VIVISECTION ASSOCIATION, works to get people to understand importance of animal life. For example, animals used in experiments, abandoned dogs and cats, animals used for fur and so on.
 If you are interested in this organization, check it from here.
            → http://www.java-animal.org/about-java/
My opinion
  I am adamantly opposed to animal experiments. Animal is the same creature with us. By chance, we just have high capacity to speak and use the brain. But otherwise, we might be inferior to animals. So, I think we don't have the right affects animal's life. In addition,animal experiments is not sure because our bodies are different from animals. Therefore, I disagree with animal experiments.


                                             Thank you for reading.
                       Please try to think about animal experiments.